Everything about Jacques Miller totally explained
Jacques Francis Albert Pierre Miller FRS (born
April 2 1931) is a distinguished research scientist. He is famous for having discovered the function of the
thymus and for the identification, in mammalian species of the two major subsets of
lymphocytes (
T cells and
B cells) and their function.
Miller was born on
April 2 1931, in
Nice,
France, as J.F.A.P. Meunier, and grew up in
France,
Switzerland and
China, mostly in
Shanghai. After the outbreak of
World War II and
Japan's entry into the war, his family moved in 1941 to
Sydney,
Australia, and changed their last name to “Miller”. He was educated at
St Aloysius' College in Sydney
Following a distinguished undergraduate career in medicine at the
University of Sydney, Miller began in the early 1960s his PhD studies at the Chester Beatty Research Institute in South Kensington,
London, where he investigated the pathogenesis of lymphocytic
leukaemia in mice and the role of the
thymus in that disease. This was at a time when the
thymus was believed to be a vestigial organ with no function. Miller discovered that the
thymus is vital for development and function of the adaptive immune system, by showing that experimental animals without a
thymus at birth were incapable of rejecting foreign tissues and resisting many infections.
In 1966, Miller returned to
Australia to become a research group leader at
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) in
Melbourne, at the invitation of its new director Sir
Gustav Nossal, the successor of
Sir Macfarlane Burnet. There, he discovered that mammalian
lymphocytes can be separated into
T cells and
B cells, and that these interact to allow normal
antibody production (
T cell help). His work also showed that the
thymus produces the
T cells, that it removes autoreactive
T cells (central T cell tolerance) and several other landmark findings in
immunology. These are considered crucial to understanding diseases such as
cancer,
autoimmunity and
AIDS, as well as processes such as
transplant rejection,
allergy and antiviral immunity. Miller is semi-retired since 1996 and still works several days each week at the
WEHI.
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